Prepare the cabbage: Slice cabbage very thinly (coleslaw style), then gently squeeze with hands to soften. Set aside.
Mix dry ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk together flour, scallion, garlic powder, onion powder, Italian seasoning, baking powder, salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes.
Mix wet ingredients: In a separate bowl, whisk together milk, eggs, olive oil, and lemon juice.
Make the batter: Pour wet mixture into the dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Fold in the cabbage. Batter will be thick and cabbage-heavy.
Cook the fritters: Heat olive oil in a nonstick skillet over medium heat. Scoop ¼ cup batter into the skillet, flatten gently, and cook for 3–4 minutes per side until golden and crisp. Cook in batches, adding oil as needed.
Make the dip: In a small bowl, whisk together all dip ingredients. Let sit for 10 minutes to allow flavors to develop.
Serve: Serve fritters warm with the garlicky dip.